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KROK (Medicine) questions: Pathophysiology — page 2

465 questions in Pathophysiology. Open a question to see the answer options and a hint.

  1. A couple had a child with Down’s disease. Mother is 42 years old. This disease is most probably caused by the following impairment of prenatal development: KROK 1 2010 – Question 124
  2. Examination of a 42 year old patient revealed a tumour of adenohypophysis. Objectively: the patient’s weight is 117 kg, he has moon-like hyperemic face, red-blue striae… KROK 1 2010 – Question 129
  3. A 47 year old man with myocardium infarction was admitted to the cardiological department. What changes of cellular composition of peripheral blood are induced by… KROK 1 2010 – Question 144
  4. A child is pale, pastose, muscular tissue is bad developed, lymph nodes are enlarged. He often suffers from angina and pharyngitis, blood has signs of lymphocytosis… KROK 1 2010 – Question 158
  5. A patient with obliterating atherosclerosis underwent sympathectomy of femoral artery in the region of femoral trigone. What type of arterial hyperemia was induced by… KROK 1 2010 – Question 169
  6. A 15 year old girl has pale skin, glossitis, gingivitis. Blood count: erythrocytes 3,3 · 10¹²/l, hemoglobin - 70 g/l, colour index - 0,5. Examination of blood smear… KROK 1 2010 – Question 170
  7. A 5 year old child is ill with measles. Blood analysis revealed increase of total number of leukocytes up to 13 · 10⁹/l. Leukogram: basophils - 0, eosinophils - 1… KROK 1 2010 – Question 175
  8. A patient was admitted to the infectious department. His symptoms: dry skin, decreased skin turgor, rice-water stool. The patient was diagnosed with cholera. What… KROK 1 2010 – Question 176
  9. A 25 year old man has spent a long time in the sun under high air humidity. As a result of it his body temperature rose up to 39oC. What pathological process is it? KROK 1 2010 – Question 182
  10. ECG of a 44-year-old patient shows signs of hypertrophy of both ventricles and the right atrium. The patient was diagnosed with the tricuspid valve insufficiency. What… KROK 1 2011 – Question 11
  11. An aged man had raise of arterial pressure under a stress. It was caused by activation of: KROK 1 2011 – Question 14
  12. A 46-year-old patient suffering from the diffuse toxic goiter underwent resection of the thyroid gland. After the surgery the patient presents with appetite loss… KROK 1 2011 – Question 26
  13. After transfusion of 200 ml of blood a patient presented with body temperature rise up to 37.9 °C. Which of the following substances is the most likely cause of… KROK 1 2011 – Question 52
  14. A 12-year-old teenager has significantly put off weight within 3 months; glucose concentration rose up to 50 millimole/l. He fell into a coma. What is the main… KROK 1 2011 – Question 62
  15. A disaster fighter at a nuclear power plant developed hemorrhagic syndrome on the background of acute radiation disease. What is the most important factor of syndrome… KROK 1 2011 – Question 65
  16. A patient with coronary disease has been diagnosed with myocardial hypertrophy, tachycardia and a decrease in minute blood volume. What is the leading mechanism of… KROK 1 2011 – Question 74
  17. A newborn child with pylorostenosis has often repeating vomiting accompanied by apathy, weakness, hypertonicity, sometimes convulsions. What disorder form of acid-base… KROK 1 2011 – Question 79
  18. A 49-year old female patient has limitation of left limbs arbitrary movements. Muscular tonus of left hand and leg is overstrained and spasmodic, local tendon reflexes… KROK 1 2011 – Question 83
  19. A patient is 44 years old. Laboratory examination of his blood revealed that content of proteins in plasma was 40 g/l. What influence will be exerted on the… KROK 1 2011 – Question 90
  20. The patient with complaints of permanent thirst applied to the doctor. Hyperglycemia, polyuria and increased concentration of 17-ketosteroids in the urine were… KROK 1 2011 – Question 93
  21. An infant has pylorospasm, weakness, hypodynamia, convulsions as a result of frequent vomiting. What kind of acid-base disbalance is it? KROK 1 2011 – Question 95
  22. A 19-year-old female patient has had low haemoglobin rate of 90-95 g/l since childhood. Blood count results obtained after hospitalisation are as follows: erythrocytes… KROK 1 2011 – Question 100
  23. A 45 year old patient was admitted to the cardiological department. ECG data: negative P wave overlaps QRS complex, diastolic interval is prolonged after extrasystole… KROK 1 2011 – Question 103
  24. A patient complains of hydruria (7 liters per day) and polydipsia. Examination reveals no disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. These abnormalities might be caused by… KROK 1 2011 – Question 104
  25. A 38-year-old male patient has been ill with systemic lupus erythematosus for three years. He was diagnosed with diffuse renal affection accompanied by massive edemata… KROK 1 2011 – Question 107
  26. A student failed to answer all the questions of examination paper correctly. As a result he blushed, felt hot and lost confidence. What type of arterial hyperemia has… KROK 1 2011 – Question 108
  27. A patient presents with icteritiousness of skin, scleras and mucous membranes. Blood plasma the total bilirubin is increased, stercobilin is increased in feces… KROK 1 2011 – Question 111
  28. A patient with marked pneumofibrosis that developed after infiltrating pulmonary tuberculosis has been diagnosed with respiratory failure. What is its pathogenetic type? KROK 1 2011 – Question 117
  29. During surgical manipulations a patient has been given novocaine injection for anesthesia. 10 minutes later the patient developed paleness, dyspnea, hypotension. What… KROK 1 2011 – Question 118
  30. There are several groups of molecular mechanisms playing important part in pathogenesis of insult to cells which contributes to the pathology development. What… KROK 1 2011 – Question 130
  31. A 35-year-old man developed acute heart failure while running for a long time. What changes in ionic composition can be observed in the cardiac muscle? KROK 1 2011 – Question 133
  32. A child with a history of frequent angine and pharyngitis has been diagnosed with lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. His appearance is characterised by pastosity and… KROK 1 2011 – Question 134
  33. A patient with massive burns developed acute renal insufficiency characterized by a significant and rapid deceleration of glomerular filtration. What is the mechanism… KROK 1 2011 – Question 153
  34. A patient with enteritis accompanied by massive diarrhea has low water rate in the extracellular space, high water rate inside the cells and low blood osmolarity. What… KROK 1 2011 – Question 165
  35. A tooth extraction in a patient with chronic persistent hepatitis was complicated with prolonged hemorrhage. What is the reason for the haemorrhagic syndrome? KROK 1 2011 – Question 173
  36. A patient has been diagnosed with influenza. His condition became drastically worse after taking antipyretic drugs. His consciousness is confused, AP is 80/50 mm Hg, Ps… KROK 1 2011 – Question 179
  37. A 45-year-old woman has breast cancer. Her left arm has symptoms of lymphatic system insufficiency - limb edema, lymph node enlargement. What form of lymphatic… KROK 1 2011 – Question 183
  38. A 25 year old man has spent a long time in the sun under high air humidity. As a result of it his body temperature rose up to 39oC. What pathological process is it? KROK 1 2011 – Question 187
  39. A 26-year-old man is in the torpid shock phase as a result of a car accident. In blood: 3,2 · 10⁹/l. What is the leading mechanism of leukopenia development? KROK 1 2011 – Question 188
  40. After a tourniquet application a patient was found to have petechial haemorrhages. The reason for it is the dysfunction of the following cells: KROK 1 2012 – Question 30
  41. A 62 year old woman complains of frequent pain attacks in the area of her chest and backbone, rib fractures. Her doctor suspected myeloma (plasmocytoma). What of the… KROK 1 2012 – Question 41
  42. Having helped to eliminate consequences of a failure at a nuclear power plant, a worker got an irradiation dose of 500 roentgen. He complains of headache, nausea… KROK 1 2012 – Question 47
  43. A patient with a history of chronic glomerulonephritis presents with azotemia, oliguria, hypo- and isosthenuria, proteinuria. What is the leading factor in the… KROK 1 2012 – Question 49
  44. After an attack of bronchial asthma a patient had his peripheral blood tested. What changes can be expected? KROK 1 2012 – Question 50
  45. A 50 year old patient suffers from essential hypertension. After a physical stress he experienced muscle weakness, breathlessness, cyanosis of lips, skin and face… KROK 1 2012 – Question 54
  46. A patient suffering from chronic myeloleukemia has got the following symptoms of anemia: decreased number of erythrocytes and low haemoglobin concentration, oxyphilic… KROK 1 2012 – Question 56
  47. A patient with obliterating endarteritis underwent ganglionic sympathectomy. What type of arterial hyperaemia should have developed as a result of the surgery? KROK 1 2012 – Question 57
  48. A 44 year old woman complains of general weakness, heart pain, significant increase of body weight. Objectively: moon face, hirsutism, AP is 165/100 mm Hg, height - 164… KROK 1 2012 – Question 64
  49. A man with a long-term history of bronchial asthma died from asphyxia. Histological examination of his lungs revealed that the lumens of bronchioles and minor bronchi… KROK 1 2012 – Question 65
  50. From the group of children who were eating sweet sappy watermelon two kids developed the signs of poisoning: rapid weakness, dizziness, headache, vomiting, edema… KROK 1 2012 – Question 78

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