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KROK (Medicine) questions: Pathophysiology — page 8

465 questions in Pathophysiology. Open a question to see the answer options and a hint.

  1. A 47-year-old woman complains of protracted vomiting. She has lost a large amount of gastric juice. What acid-base imbalance can be suspected in this case? KROK 1 2023 – Question 49
  2. The height of a 10-year-old child is 178 cm, while the child’s weight is 64 kg. What endocrine gland is dysfunctional in the child, causing this condition? KROK 1 2023 – Question 53
  3. A 35-year-old woman came for a follow-up visit two weeks after a case of COVID-19. ECG detects a decrease in the voltage of the waves, the P wave is unchanged and… KROK 1 2023 – Question 61
  4. A patient was diagnosed with an injury to the middle third of the shoulder with an incomplete rupture of the median nerve. In addition to motor and sensory disorders… KROK 1 2023 – Question 62
  5. A patient with pulmonary fibrosis presents with decreased pulmonary ventilation. What parameter of the external respiration system will change in this patient? KROK 1 2023 – Question 69
  6. A 26-year-old woman, who one year ago had a difficult childbirth with a hemorrhage, complains of general weakness, weight loss of 18 kg, and absence of menstruations… KROK 1 2023 – Question 76
  7. A patient has been diagnosed with mitral valve stenosis. What pathogenetic type of heart failure is it? KROK 1 2023 – Question 79
  8. A patient presents with a sharp decrease in oncotic pressure and albumin levels in the blood plasma. What would be the result of this condition? KROK 1 2023 – Question 86
  9. After an industrial accident, a man was exposed to potassium cyanide, which resulted in cytochrome oxidase blockade in this man. What pathological process can be… KROK 1 2023 – Question 88
  10. An 11-year-old girl was hospitalized with complaints of weakness and facial edema, observed for 3 days. The mother claims that her daughter had always been healthy and… KROK 1 2023 – Question 99
  11. A 9-year-old child developed a severe case of purulent destructive pneumonia, for which the child was receiving a massive antibacterial therapy. The disease was rapidly… KROK 1 2023 – Question 108
  12. A child with hemorrhagic syndrome was diagnosed with hemophilia B. What coagulation factor is deficient in this case, causing this type of hemophilia in the patient? KROK 1 2023 – Question 117
  13. Examination of a 32-year-old patient detects a disproportional structure of the skeleton and enlarged brow ridges, nose, lips, tongue, jawbones, and feet. What is the… KROK 1 2023 – Question 121
  14. Examination detected the following changes in the patient’s peripheral blood: erythrocytes — 3.0 · 10¹²/L, Hb — 80 g/L, leukocytes — 21 · 10⁹/L. The following is… KROK 1 2023 – Question 126
  15. Blood test revealed the total leukocyte count of 11 · 10⁹/L in the patient’s blood, with neutrophils making up 80% of all leukocytes. Among them, banded neutrophils… KROK 1 2023 – Question 127
  16. Against the background of ionizing radiation exposure, a decrease in the granulocyte count was detected in the patient's blood. What causes agranulocytosis in this case? KROK 1 2023 – Question 135
  17. Examination of a patient shows the following: blood pressure — 180/110 mm Hg, heart rate — 95/min. X-ray detects narrowing of one of the renal arteries. What system was… KROK 1 2023 – Question 142
  18. As proposed by the World Health Organization, diabetes mellitus is divided into type 1 and type 2. What is the etiological factor of type 1 diabetes mellitus? KROK 1 2023 – Question 145
  19. A 36-year-old patient developed angina pectoris attacks immediately after the recovery from a case of staphylococcal sepsis. Coronary angiography revealed mural… KROK 1 2023 – Question 146
  20. A 59-year-old man was hospitalized in a severe condition with the diagnosis of initial pulmonary edema and acute myocardial infarction in the area of the posterior wall… KROK 1 2023 – Question 150
  21. A man with heart failure presents with enlarged liver, leg edema, and ascites. What is the leading mechanism of edema formation in this case? KROK 1 2021 – Question 9
  22. During a surgery with application of inhalation narcosis and muscle relaxants, the anesthesiologist noticed rapid increase of the patient’s body temperature to 43°C… KROK 1 2021 – Question 11
  23. Examination shows that total leukocyte count in the patient’s blood is 11 · 10⁹/L, with 80% neutrophils, among which 9% are band neutrophils. Characterize the changes… KROK 1 2021 – Question 12
  24. A man presents with decreased vasopressin synthesis, which causes polyuria and results in marked dehydration. What is the most likely polyuria mechanism in this case? KROK 1 2021 – Question 13
  25. According to the Schade’s physicochemical theory, hyperosmia, hyperonchia, and acidosis can be observed in the area of inflammation. The development of hyperosmia is… KROK 1 2021 – Question 15
  26. To study hypoxia, a test animal was given a potassium cyanide solution. What type of oxygen starvation develops in this case? KROK 1 2021 – Question 18
  27. After a nephrectomy, a 40-year-old man has developed signs of anemia. Why did these signs appear? KROK 1 2021 – Question 39
  28. After a severe case of poliomyelitis, disturbed function of the central nervous system has caused weakening of the movements of all four limbs in the patient. What… KROK 1 2021 – Question 42
  29. In reperfusion syndrome, the processes of free radical oxidation activate, resulting in damage to cell membranes and disturbance of specific cell functions. These… KROK 1 2021 – Question 47
  30. 1.5 weeks after a severe case of streptococcal tonsillitis, a 24-year-old man developed face edema and elevated blood pressure. He presents with hematuria and… KROK 1 2021 – Question 69
  31. A patient was hospitalized in a comatose state. The patient has a 5-year-long history of diabetes mellitus type 2. Objectively, his respiration is noisy, deep, with… KROK 1 2021 – Question 74
  32. The patient’s arterial hypertension is caused by renal artery stenosis. The main pathogenetic link of this type of hypertension is the activation of the following system: KROK 1 2021 – Question 77
  33. An 11-year-old girl is brought to the doctor’s office by her mother, who states that her daughter felt weak and had swollen face for 3 days. According to the mother… KROK 1 2021 – Question 78
  34. Increased resistance to blood ejection from the left ventricle has activated the homeometric compensation mechanism in the patient. In what pathological process can… KROK 1 2021 – Question 84
  35. Liver diseases usually are accompanied by a marked tendency to bleed. Why is it so? KROK 1 2021 – Question 86
  36. A man presents with osteoporosis. There are hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia in his blood. What is the cause of his condition? KROK 1 2021 – Question 92
  37. A man with multiple myeloma presents with protein in his urine. What type of proteinuria does he have? KROK 1 2021 – Question 102
  38. A 48-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus has been hospitalized in a severe precomatose state. Analysis of her acid-base balance revealed metabolic acidosis. What… KROK 1 2021 – Question 107
  39. To assess their adaptation to physical exertion, the doctor has examined the workers after a severe workload. What changes in the complete blood count can be detected… KROK 1 2021 – Question 110
  40. Hematologic study shows the following pattern: erythrocytes – 2.8 · 10¹²/L, Hb – 80 g/L, color index – 0.85, reticulocytes – 0.1%, platelets – 160 thousand per… KROK 1 2021 – Question 116
  41. A woman with chronic hepatitis complains of increased sensitivity to barbiturates that previously she could take without any signs of intoxication. Her condition is… KROK 1 2021 – Question 126
  42. A child has signs of delayed physical and mental development (cretinism). This condition is caused by deficiency of the following hormone: KROK 1 2021 – Question 132
  43. To study inflammations, a test animal was injected with a lethal dose of tetanus toxin into the cavity of a turpentine-induced abscess. However, the test animal did not… KROK 1 2021 – Question 133
  44. A man, who has arrived from Tunisia, has alpha-thalassemia with hemolysis of erythrocytes and jaundice. The disease was diagnosed based on the presence of the following… KROK 1 2021 – Question 135
  45. A man with tetanus developed acute respiratory failure. What type of respiratory failure develops in such cases? KROK 1 2021 – Question 139
  46. A woman with enteritis accompanied by severe diarrhea presents with loss of water in the extracellular space, increased water content in the cells, and decreased blood… KROK 1 2021 – Question 143
  47. An infant has apparent diarrhea resulting from improper feeding. One of the main diarrhea effects is plentiful excretion of sodium bicarbonate. What form of acid-base… KROK 1 2008 – Question 2
  48. A 62 year woman complains of frequent pain attacks in the area of her chest and backbone, rib fractures. Her doctor suspected myeloma (plasmocytoma). What of the… KROK 1 2008 – Question 26
  49. While playing volleyball a sportsman made a jump and landed on the outside edge of his foot. He felt acute pain in the talocrural joint, active movements are limited… KROK 1 2008 – Question 27
  50. A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of rich food, weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; his feces were… KROK 1 2008 – Question 32

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