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KROK (Medicine) questions: Pathophysiology — page 7

465 questions in Pathophysiology. Open a question to see the answer options and a hint.

  1. A 40-year-old woman on examination presents with intensified basal metabolic rate. What hormone present in excess leads to such condition? KROK 1 2019 – Question 75
  2. A 59-year-old man, a business manager, developed intense burning retrosternal pain that irradiates to the left arm. The pain occurred in the evening after the tax… KROK 1 2019 – Question 76
  3. A 40-year-old man with impaired venous patency in the lower limbs developed edemas. What mechanism plays the main role in the development of this disturbance? KROK 1 2019 – Question 82
  4. A 63-year-old man suffers from esophageal carcinoma, presents with metastases into the mediastinal lymph nodes and cancerous cachexia. What pathogenetic stage of… KROK 1 2019 – Question 85
  5. A patient is diagnosed with severe B12-deficiency anemia resulting in disturbed hematopoiesis and appearance of atypical erythrocytes in the blood. The patient has a… KROK 1 2019 – Question 90
  6. A 3-year-old child has been brought by ambulance to the intensive care unit of the infectious diseases hospital. On examination the child is in severe condition, skin… KROK 1 2019 – Question 103
  7. An inflammation can be characterized by hemocapillary dilation in the affected area, decreased blood circulation, and increased vessel wall permeability. What cells… KROK 1 2019 – Question 104
  8. A patient developed punctate hemorrhages after a tourniquet had been applied. It occurred due to functional disturbance of the following blood corpuscles: KROK 1 2019 – Question 108
  9. A patient was hospitalized in a comatose state. The patient has a 5-year-long history of diabetes mellitus type 2. Objectively respiration is noisy, deep, with acetone… KROK 1 2019 – Question 117
  10. An unconscious young man in the state of morphine intoxication has been brought into an admission room. The patient’s respiration is slow and shallow due to suppression… KROK 1 2019 – Question 133
  11. Antileukocytic antibodies are detected in the blood of a patient with leukopenia. What type of Coombs-Gell hypersensitivity reaction developed in this case? KROK 1 2019 – Question 149
  12. A 68-year-old man comes to his physician with complaints of severe fatigue and altered sensations in his extremities. Past medical history is remarkable for chronic… KROK 1 2019 – Question 154
  13. A 16-year-old girl concerned about her sexual development comes to the physician. She mentions that she has still not had a menstrual period. However, she is otherwise… KROK 1 2019 – Question 157
  14. A 45-year-old woman comes to her physician with complaints of excessive fatigue and weakness. She says that these symptoms have been present for the past month. On… KROK 1 2019 – Question 165
  15. A 38-year-old woman, who was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 3 years ago, comes to her physician with a complaint of facial swelling and decreased… KROK 1 2019 – Question 166
  16. A 54-year-old woman has a total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma. 11 hours after operation she complains of tingling around her mouth. On physical… KROK 1 2019 – Question 171
  17. An 11-year-old girl is brought to the doctor’s office by her mother who states her daughter has been weak with swollen face for 3 days. The mother states her daughter… KROK 1 2019 – Question 172
  18. A male neonate born to a 24-year-old primigravida had jaundice at 8 hours of life. The neonate’s red blood cell type was A+, while the mother’s RBC type was 0+… KROK 1 2019 – Question 176
  19. A 34-year-old man visits his dentist complaining of toothache. After a dental procedure that involved extraction of several teeth, he develops severe bleeding lasting… KROK 1 2019 – Question 178
  20. A 47-year-old man complains of weakness and dizziness. Half a year ago he underwent a gastric resection. Blood test: Hb - 80 g/L, erythrocytes - 3.5·10¹²/L, color index… KROK 1 2020 – Question 13
  21. A 48-year-old man has arterial hypertension of endocrine genesis, headache, muscle weakness, and convulsions. His blood levels of K+ (potassium) are low, while his… KROK 1 2020 – Question 14
  22. ECG shows absent P waves replaced by f waves, QRST complexes have irregular intervals between them (RR interval varies), R waves have different voltage. What type of… KROK 1 2020 – Question 19
  23. During inflammatory process, the vessels of the microvasculature develop increased permeability and hydrodynamic pressure. Protein structures in the interstitial fluid… KROK 1 2020 – Question 21
  24. A patient was diagnosed with a parathyroid tumor. He has generalized fibrous osteodystrophy and periodic attacks of renal colic. Ultrasound detected small stones in the… KROK 1 2020 – Question 22
  25. For the third spring in a row, when poplars start to bloom, a 20-year-old student develops itching and hyperemia in her eyes and nose, rhinorrhea, cough, and urticaria… KROK 1 2020 – Question 23
  26. A sick child has no anti-hemophilic factor (factor VIII) in the blood plasma. What pathology of hemostasis is it? KROK 1 2020 – Question 29
  27. A patient suffers from episodes of arterial hypertension that are accompanied by tachycardia, profuse sweating, and sharp pain in the epigastric region. What neoplastic… KROK 1 2020 – Question 31
  28. A lab rat has subcutaneously received mercury(II) chloride in the amount of 5 mg/kg. 24 hours later the plasma creatinine concentration increased several times. What… KROK 1 2020 – Question 48
  29. A laboratory rat with chronic kidney failure has osteoporosis, pathologic calcification of the internal organs, and arterial hypertension. These disturbances are… KROK 1 2020 – Question 57
  30. A 40-year-old woman on examination presents with intensified basal metabolic rate. What hormone present in excess leads to such condition? KROK 1 2020 – Question 64
  31. A 29-year-old man complains of headache, swelling, weight gain, low urine output, and marked weakness. Laboratory testing revealed increased concentration of TSH. The… KROK 1 2020 – Question 71
  32. 24 hours after an appendectomy the patient’s blood test shows neutrophilic leukocytosis with a regenerative shift. What is the most likely mechanism of absolute… KROK 1 2020 – Question 77
  33. A 48-year-old man is unconscious. He has a history of several syncopal episodes with convulsions. ECG shows deformed QRS complexes unconnected with P waves, atrial… KROK 1 2020 – Question 80
  34. Decreased vasopressin synthesis causes polyuria and, as a result, marked dehydration. What is the mechanism of polyuria development? KROK 1 2020 – Question 84
  35. A person was hospitalized with markedly icteric skin, sclerae, and mucosa. Urinalysis shows the presence of direct bilirubin. Patient’s urine is the color of dark beer… KROK 1 2020 – Question 85
  36. A 65-year-old man periodically feels pain under his left shoulder blade and in his left shoulder. After a significant physical exertion, the pain sharply intensified… KROK 1 2020 – Question 87
  37. An experiment demonstrates that Jensen sarcoma leads to a significant increase in glucose uptake from the tumor afferent artery, while tumor efferent vein has high… KROK 1 2020 – Question 92
  38. The renal artery of a test rabbit was surgically narrowed. One month later a significant increase in systemic arterial pressure was registered in the animal. What… KROK 1 2020 – Question 103
  39. A woman with enteritis accompanied by severe diarrhea presents with the loss of water in the extracellular space, increased water content in the cells, and decreasing… KROK 1 2020 – Question 111
  40. A patient developed left ventricular heart failure. What compensatory responses in the patient’s body will be aimed at the prevention of pulmonary edema? KROK 1 2020 – Question 112
  41. A patient with heart failure developed edema. What is the main pathogenetic link of edema development in this case? KROK 1 2020 – Question 118
  42. A 20-year-old man from the early childhood suffered from type I diabetes mellitus and was constantly undergoing insulin therapy. Within the last year he started… KROK 1 2020 – Question 129
  43. A 45-year-old man complains of frequent fevers, tachycardia, irritability, hair loss, weight loss, and hand tremor. In this case, blood test will show the high levels… KROK 1 2020 – Question 131
  44. A patient hospitalized into the pulmonology department was diagnosed with pulmonary emphysema accompanied by the loss of elasticity in the pulmonary tissue. What type… KROK 1 2020 – Question 138
  45. A 16-year-old female has no hair on the pubis and in the armpits, her mammary glands are underdeveloped, no menstruations. This condition can be caused by the following… KROK 1 2020 – Question 150
  46. A patient was hospitalized with complaints of periodic attacks of palpitations that pass on their own. ECG detected an episode of contractions with the rate of 200/min… KROK 1 2023 – Question 5
  47. In a patient with hypochromic anemia, erythrocytes contain 45% of HbS and 55% of HbA1. What type of anemia is it? KROK 1 2023 – Question 18
  48. A group of alpinists, who were climbing to the altitude of 5000 meters above sea level without oxygen equipment, developed tachycardia, decreased blood pressure, and… KROK 1 2023 – Question 41
  49. A patient has an abscess in the left inguinal region. The patient developed complaints of general weakness, fever that in the evening reaches 38.5°C and normalizes in… KROK 1 2023 – Question 42
  50. The course of hemorrhagic shock was complicated by the development of acute renal failure in the patient. What is the initiating link in the mechanism of development of… KROK 1 2023 – Question 43

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