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KROK (Medicine) questions: Pathophysiology — page 6

465 questions in Pathophysiology. Open a question to see the answer options and a hint.

  1. A patient visited a dentist to extract a tooth. After the tooth had been extracted, bleeding from the tooth socket continued for 15 minutes. Anamnesis states that the… KROK 1 2017 – Question 184
  2. A 67-year-old man was delivered to the cardiology unit with complaints of periodical pain in the heart, dyspnea after even insignificant physical exertion, cyanosis… KROK 1 2017 – Question 190
  3. A patient developed increased blood content of HCO3− against the background of repeated and uncontrollable vomiting. What will be the leading mechanism in compensation… KROK 1 2017 – Question 195
  4. During the exam a student was unable to correctly answer all the questions in his question card, which was accompanied by the reddening of his face and hot sensation… KROK 1 2017 – Question 197
  5. A 40-year-old woman on examination presents with intensified basal metabolic rate. What hormone present in excess leads to such condition? KROK 1 2018 – Question 1
  6. After a case of sepsis a 27-year-old woman developed ”bronzed” skin discoloration characteristic of Addison’s disease. Hyperpigmentation mechanism in this case is based… KROK 1 2018 – Question 3
  7. A 16-year-old girl presents with no hair on the pubis and in the armpits, her mammary glands are underdeveloped, no menstruations. What hormone imbalance can it be… KROK 1 2018 – Question 4
  8. A 45-year-old man diagnosed with hepatic cirrhosis and ascites underwent drainage of 5 liters of fluid from his abdominal cavity, which resulted in development of… KROK 1 2018 – Question 14
  9. Microscopy of the puncture sample obtained from the inflammation focus of the patient with cutaneous abscess revealed numerous blood cells of different types. What… KROK 1 2018 – Question 16
  10. A lab rat has subcutaneously received mercury(II) chloride in the amount of 5 mg/kg. 24 hours later the plasma creatinine concentration increased several times. What… KROK 1 2018 – Question 18
  11. A 63-year-old man suffers from esophageal carcinoma, presents with metastases into the mediastinal lymph nodes and cancerous cachexia. What pathogenetic stage of… KROK 1 2018 – Question 20
  12. Due to trauma the patient has lost 25% of circulating blood volume. Name the emergency compensatory mechanism against blood loss: KROK 1 2018 – Question 25
  13. A patient presents with acute attack of cholelithiasis. Laboratory examination of the patient’s feces will show the following in this case: KROK 1 2018 – Question 30
  14. A 30-year-old man complains of suffocation, heaviness in the chest on the right, general weakness. Body temperature is 38,9°C. Objectively the right side of the chest… KROK 1 2018 – Question 33
  15. During removal of the hyperplastic thyroid gland of a 47-year-old woman, the parathyroid gland was damaged. One month after the surgery the patient developed signs of… KROK 1 2018 – Question 39
  16. On examination the patient presents with hirsutism, moon-shaped face, stretch marks on the abdomen. BP is 190/100 mm Hg, blood glucose is 17,6 mmol/l. What pathology is… KROK 1 2018 – Question 40
  17. Coronary artery thrombosis resulted in development of myocardial infarction. What mechanisms of cell damage are leading in this disease? KROK 1 2018 – Question 52
  18. A patient with hypochromic anemia has hair with split ends and suffers from hair loss. The nails are brittle. Gustatory sensations are affected. What is the mechanism… KROK 1 2018 – Question 56
  19. A woman has been limiting the amount of products in her diet to lose some weight. 3 months later she developed edemas and her diuresis increased. What dietary component… KROK 1 2018 – Question 68
  20. After a psychic trauma a woman developed periodical increases in her blood pressure accompanied by headache, palpitations, and general weakness. What mechanism of… KROK 1 2018 – Question 70
  21. A 54-year-old man complains of general weakness, frequent colds, and bruises constantly appearing on his body. Blood test: erythrocytes - 2.5 · 10¹²/L; Hb- 80 g/L… KROK 1 2018 – Question 86
  22. 24 hours after an appendectomy the patient’s blood test shows neutrophilic leukocytosis with a regenerative shift. What is the most likely mechanism of absolute… KROK 1 2018 – Question 91
  23. The right leg of a 40-year-old woman measured at the shin level is by 2 cm smaller in the diameter than the left leg. Ankle-jerk (Achilles) and knee-jerk reflexes are… KROK 1 2018 – Question 92
  24. A 38-year-old man, who has been suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus for 3 years, developed diffuse renal lesions accompanied by massive edemas, marked… KROK 1 2018 – Question 93
  25. A 59-year-old man, a business manager, developed intense burning retrosternal pain that irradiates to the left arm. The pain occurred in the evening after the tax… KROK 1 2018 – Question 94
  26. A 40-year-old woman suffers from Cushing’s disease - steroid diabetes. On biochemical examination she has hyperglycemia and hypochloremia. What process activates in the… KROK 1 2018 – Question 98
  27. A patient with a chemical burn has developed esophageal stenosis. The patient presents with acute weight loss due to problematic food intake. Blood test: erythrocytes… KROK 1 2018 – Question 99
  28. A woman has come to the hospital with complaints of general weakness, dizziness, and dyspnea. Recently she has been taking levomycetin (chloramphenicol) for prevention… KROK 1 2018 – Question 102
  29. During influenza epidemic, morbidity in the schoolchildren, who did not participate in sports, was 40%, while in the schoolchildren, who engaged in regular physical… KROK 1 2018 – Question 113
  30. A 17-year-old girl suffers from periodical palpitations that last several minutes. Her heart rate is 200/min., rhythmic. What heart rhythm disorder developed in this… KROK 1 2018 – Question 115
  31. Ketosis develops in the patients with diabetes mellitus, as the result of activation of fatty acids oxidation processes. What acid-base imbalance can result from… KROK 1 2018 – Question 119
  32. A woman with hypophyseal diabetes insipidus developed a water-mineral imbalance. What type of water-mineral imbalance develops in such cases? KROK 1 2018 – Question 122
  33. A woman with enteritis accompanied by severe diarrhea presents with loss of water in the extracellular space, increased water content in the cells, and decreasing blood… KROK 1 2018 – Question 159
  34. A 50-year-old inpatient during examination presents with glucosuria and blood glucose of 3,0 mmol/l, which are the most likely to be caused by: KROK 1 2018 – Question 173
  35. A victim of a traffic accident was received by the intensive care unit. The patient is in a grave condition that can be characterized as a severe pathologic process… KROK 1 2018 – Question 182
  36. A patient suffers from posttraumatic hemorrhage that resulted in development of hemorrhagic shock. What volume of circulating blood was lost by the patient? KROK 1 2018 – Question 184
  37. A 48-year-old man is unconscious. He has a history of several syncopal episodes with convulsions. ECG shows deformed QRS complexes unconnected with P waves, atrial… KROK 1 2018 – Question 194
  38. A 30-year-old person has been stung by a bee. The stung area exhibits edema, hyperemia, and elevated temperature. What is the initial pathogenetic factor of… KROK 1 2019 – Question 7
  39. Toxic damage to hepatic cells resulted in disruption of the patient’s liver function and the patient developed edemas. What changes of blood plasma are the main cause… KROK 1 2019 – Question 15
  40. 24 hours after an appendectomy the patient’s blood test shows neutrophilic leukocytosis with a regenerative shift. What is the most likely mechanism of absolute… KROK 1 2019 – Question 19
  41. A 48-year-old man is unconscious. He has a history of several syncopal episodes with convulsions. ECG shows deformed QRS complexes unconnected with P waves, atrial… KROK 1 2019 – Question 23
  42. A patient with asphyxia after a brief respiratory arrest developed single infrequent respirations with passive expiration, after which he stopped breathing completely… KROK 1 2019 – Question 26
  43. A patient with obliterating endarteritis has undergone a ganglionic sympathectomy. Positive therapeutic effect of this surgery is associated with development of… KROK 1 2019 – Question 32
  44. A patient has been suffering from bronchial asthma for 15 years. What changes in the patient’s leukogram can be expected in this case? KROK 1 2019 – Question 33
  45. A 30-year-old woman developed facial edemas. Examination detected proteinuria (5.87 g/L), hypoproteinemia, dysproteinemia, and hyperlipidemia. Such combination of signs… KROK 1 2019 – Question 35
  46. Hematologic study shows the following pattern: erythrocytes - 2,8 · 10¹²/L, Hb - 80 g/L, color index - 0.85, reticulocytes - 0,1%, platelets -160 thousand per… KROK 1 2019 – Question 45
  47. A 14-year-old adolescent has diphtheria. During the peak of the disease against the background of acute drop in body temperature and tachycardia the blood pressure is… KROK 1 2019 – Question 47
  48. In an experiment a laboratory rat was subjected to a stress factor (electric current), which resulted in muscular hypotonia, arterial hypotension, hypothermia, and… KROK 1 2019 – Question 60
  49. A man has been working for a long time in oil processing. What type of carcinogens does he encounter at his workplace? KROK 1 2019 – Question 68
  50. After a prolonged attack of severe headache the patient lost mobility in his left arm and leg. Muscle tone is decreased in the affected limbs, the muscles are spasmed… KROK 1 2019 – Question 72

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