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KROK (Medicine) questions: Biological Chemistry — page 4

464 questions in Biological Chemistry. Open a question to see the answer options and a hint.

  1. An experiment proved that UV-irradiated skin cells of patients with xeroderma pigmentosum restore the native structure of DNA slower than the cells of healthy people… KROK 1 2013 – Question 153
  2. Children with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome have a severe form of hyperuricemia accompanied by the formation of tophi, urate calculi in the urinary tracts, as well as serious… KROK 1 2013 – Question 160
  3. At the stage of translation in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the ribosome moves along the mRNA. Amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds in a specific… KROK 1 2013 – Question 176
  4. A patient underwent a course of treatment for atherosclerosis. Laboratory tests revealed an increase in the antiatherogenic lipoprotein fraction in the blood plasma… KROK 1 2013 – Question 194
  5. A 12-year-old patient was found to have blood serum cholesterol at the rate of 25 mmol/l. The boy has a history of hereditary familial hypercholesterolemia, which is… KROK 1 2013 – Question 200
  6. Malaria is treated with structural analogs of vitamin B2 (riboflavin). These drugs disrupt the synthesis of the following enzymes in plasmodium: KROK 1 2014 – Question 2
  7. A 53-year-old male patient is diagnosed with Paget’s disease. The concentration of oxyproline in daily urine is sharply increased, which primarily means intensified… KROK 1 2014 – Question 6
  8. Cyanide is a poison that causes instant death of the organism. What enzymes found in mitochondria are affected by cyanide? KROK 1 2014 – Question 12
  9. Increased HDL levels decrease the risk of atherosclerosis. What is the mechanism of HDL anti-atherogenic action? KROK 1 2014 – Question 13
  10. It has been found out that one of a pesticide components is sodium arsenate that blocks lipoic acid. Which enzyme activity is impaired by this pesticide? KROK 1 2014 – Question 14
  11. A drycleaner’s worker has been found to have hepatic steatosis. This pathology can be caused by the disruption of synthesis of the following substance: KROK 1 2014 – Question 17
  12. A 46-year-old female patient consulted a doctor about pain in the small joints of the upper and lower limbs. The joints are enlarged and shaped like thickened nodes… KROK 1 2014 – Question 21
  13. A biochemical urine analysis has been performed for a patient with progressive muscular dystrophy. In the given case muscle disease can be confirmed by the high content… KROK 1 2014 – Question 24
  14. Human red blood cells do not contain mitochondria. What is the main pathway for ATP production in these cells? KROK 1 2014 – Question 37
  15. Those organisms which in the process of evolution failed to develop protection from H₂O₂ can exist only in anaerobic conditions. Which of the following enzymes can… KROK 1 2014 – Question 56
  16. Prolonged fasting causes hypoglycemia which is amplified by alcohol consumption, as the following process is inhibited: KROK 1 2014 – Question 64
  17. A 39-year-old female patient with a history of diabetes was hospitalized in a precomatose state for diabetic ketoacidosis. This condition had been caused by an increase… KROK 1 2014 – Question 65
  18. A patient with homogentisuria has signs of arthritis, ochronosis. In this case, the pain in the joints is associated with the deposition of: KROK 1 2014 – Question 70
  19. A patient with hereditary hyperammonemia due to a disorder of ornithine cycle has developed secondary orotaciduria. The increased synthesis of orotic acid is caused by… KROK 1 2014 – Question 71
  20. A 49-year-old male patient with acute pancreatitis was likely to develop pancreatic necrosis, while active pancreatic proteases were absorbed into the blood stream and… KROK 1 2014 – Question 73
  21. A 53-year-old male patient complains of acute pain in the right hypochondrium. Objective examination revealed scleral icterus. Laboratory tests revealed increased ALT… KROK 1 2014 – Question 75
  22. In case of alkaptonuria, homogentisic acid is excreted in urine in large amounts. The development of this disease is associated with a disorder of metabolism of the… KROK 1 2014 – Question 90
  23. Degenerative changes in posterior and lateral columns of spinal cord (funicular myelosis) caused by methylmalonic acid accumulation occur in patients with… KROK 1 2014 – Question 99
  24. Patients with erythropoietic porphyria (Gunther’s disease) have teeth that fluoresce with bright red color when subjected to ultraviolet radiation; their skin is… KROK 1 2014 – Question 107
  25. Symptoms of pellagra (vitamin PP deficiency) is particularly pronounced in patients with low protein diet, because nicotinamide precursor in humans is one of the… KROK 1 2014 – Question 118
  26. For biochemical diagnostics of myocardial infarction it is necessary to measure activity of a number of enzymes and their isoenzymes. What enzymatic test is considered… KROK 1 2014 – Question 122
  27. During cell division, DNA replication occurs by a signal from the cytoplasm, and a certain portion of the DNA helix unwinds and splits into two individual strands. What… KROK 1 2014 – Question 126
  28. A newborn baby has numerous hemorrhages. Blood coagulation tests reveal increased prothrombin time. The child is most likely to have a disorder of the following… KROK 1 2014 – Question 134
  29. A 67-year-old male patient consumes eggs, pork fat, butter, milk and meat. Blood test results: cholesterol - 12,3 mmol/l, total lipids - 8,2 g/l, increased low-density… KROK 1 2014 – Question 136
  30. Steatosis is caused by the accumulation of triacylglycerols in hepatocytes. One of the mechanisms of this disease development is a decrease in the utilization of VLDL… KROK 1 2014 – Question 148
  31. Decarboxylation of glutamate induces production of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter. After breakdown, GABA is converted into a metabolite of the citric… KROK 1 2014 – Question 153
  32. A patient has been admitted to the contagious isolation ward with signs of jaundice caused by hepatitis virus. Which of the symptoms given below is strictly specific… KROK 1 2014 – Question 163
  33. A 36-year-old female patient has a history of B2-hypovitaminosis. The most likely cause of specific symptoms (epithelial, mucosal, cutaneous, corneal lesions) is the… KROK 1 2014 – Question 169
  34. Disruption of nerve fiber myelinogenesis causes neurological disorders and mental retardation. These symptoms are typical for hereditary and acquired alterations in the… KROK 1 2014 – Question 175
  35. A patient complains of photoreception disorder and frequent acute viral diseases. He has been prescribed a vitamin that affects photoreception processes by producing… KROK 1 2014 – Question 177
  36. A child has a history of hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, seizures, especially on an empty stomach and in stressful situations. The child is diagnosed with Gierke disease… KROK 1 2014 – Question 179
  37. A 28-year-old patient undergoing treatment in the pulmonological department has been diagnosed with pulmonary emphysema caused by splitting of alveolar septum by… KROK 1 2014 – Question 182
  38. A patient with signs of osteoporosis and urolithiasis has been admitted to the endocrinology department. Blood test has revealed hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia… KROK 1 2014 – Question 183
  39. In cancer patients who have been continuously receiving methotrexate, the target cells of tumor with time become insensitive to this drug. In this case, gene… KROK 1 2014 – Question 195
  40. Pancreas is known as a mixed gland. Endocrine functions include production of insulin by beta cells. This hormone affects the metabolism of carbohydrates. What is its… KROK 1 2014 – Question 196
  41. Characteristic sign of glycogenosis is muscle pain during physical work. Blood examination usually reveals hypoglycemia. This pathology is caused by congenital… KROK 1 2015 – Question 1
  42. A 46-year-old female patient has continuous history of progressive muscular (Duchenne’s) dystrophy. Which blood enzyme changes will be of diagnostic value in this case? KROK 1 2015 – Question 3
  43. A patient has decreased concentration of magnesium ions that are required for ribosomes connection to granular endoplasmic reticulum. This condition is known to disrupt… KROK 1 2015 – Question 5
  44. Untrained people often have muscle pain after sprints as a result of lactate accumulation. This can be caused by intensification of the following biochemical process: KROK 1 2015 – Question 11
  45. Increased HDL levels decrease the risk of atherosclerosis. What is the mechanism of HDL anti-atherogenic action? KROK 1 2015 – Question 13
  46. It has been found out that one of a pesticide components is sodium arsenate that blocks lipoic acid. Which enzyme activity is impaired by this pesticide? KROK 1 2015 – Question 14
  47. A drycleaner’s worker has been found to have hepatic steatosis. This pathology can be caused by the disruption of synthesis of the following substance: KROK 1 2015 – Question 15
  48. A 16-year-old adolescent is diagnosed with hereditary UDP (uridine diphosphate) glucuronyltransferase deficiency. Laboratory tests revealed hyperbilirubinemia caused… KROK 1 2015 – Question 18
  49. Prior to glucose utilization in cells it is transported inside cells from extracellular space through plasmatic membrane. This process is stimulated by the following… KROK 1 2015 – Question 19
  50. After implantation of a cardiac valve a young man systematically takes indirect anticoagulants. His state was complicated by hemorrhage. What substance content has… KROK 1 2015 – Question 20

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