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KROK (Medicine) questions: Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology — page 5

281 questions in Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology. Open a question to see the answer options and a hint.

  1. A woman hospitalized in the surgical department complains of pain in her lower abdomen and in the small of her back, frequent and painful urination. Urine culture test… KROK 1 2020 – Question 16
  2. A bacteriologist found in a sick child the causative agents of Flexner dysentery type 2, Sonne dysentery type 1, and enteropathogenic colibacillus - 055/B5. Name this… KROK 1 2020 – Question 27
  3. A 2-year-old child was diagnosed with thymic hypoplasia. What indicator of the immune system status is the most characteristic of this type of immunodeficiency? KROK 1 2020 – Question 36
  4. A patient with characteristically hypoplastic thymus suffers from DiGeorge syndrome. What type of immunological pathology is it? KROK 1 2020 – Question 39
  5. A medical student was hospitalized into the infectious diseases unit on the 2nd day after the disease onset. The patient is suspected to have infectious mononucleosis… KROK 1 2020 – Question 41
  6. Bacterioscopy of purulent cervical discharge detected gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci, both inside and outside of the leukocytes. What is the causative agent of… KROK 1 2020 – Question 42
  7. A patient developed a purulent inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues. The process was caused by activation of the microorganisms inherent in the body, which… KROK 1 2020 – Question 52
  8. After a celebratory dinner, several people, who were eating a cake with duck egg cream, developed food poisoning. What genus of bacteria is the most likely cause of… KROK 1 2020 – Question 60
  9. T lymphocytes were affected by HIV. In the process, viral enzyme reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) catalyzes the synthesis of: KROK 1 2020 – Question 82
  10. A 5-year-old child is diagnosed with Bruton’s disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia) that manifests itself in severe clinical course of bacterial infections and absence… KROK 1 2020 – Question 91
  11. After examination, the doctor diagnosed the patient with parainfluenza, based on the clinical findings. What route of transmission is characteristic of this disease? KROK 1 2020 – Question 96
  12. A 5-year-old kindergartener has diphtheria. To find the carriers of this disease among the kindergarten staff, samples of pharyngeal mucus were obtained from the… KROK 1 2020 – Question 119
  13. Microscopy of the sputum of a patient with lobar pneumonia revealed a large number of gram-positive lancet-shaped encapsulated diplococci. What causative agent is it? KROK 1 2020 – Question 124
  14. From the feces of a patient with acute gastroenteritis a pure culture of microorganisms was obtained. The microorganisms are small mobile slightly curved gram-negative… KROK 1 2020 – Question 141
  15. A laboratory received a sputum sample obtained from a patient with tuberculosis. What staining method should be used to detect the causative agents of tuberculosis? KROK 1 2020 – Question 145
  16. Laboratory diagnostics of hepatitis B has determined the presence of viral DNA in the patient's blood. What reaction is usually used for this purpose? KROK 1 2023 – Question 9
  17. A patient with bronchopulmonary aspergillosis developed allergic rhinitis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detects elevated levels of IgE. What cell type expresses… KROK 1 2023 – Question 14
  18. A repeated Widal agglutination test shows an increase from 1:100 to 1:400 in the titers of antibodies to S. typhi O-antigens in the patient's serum. How can the… KROK 1 2023 – Question 16
  19. A doctor suspects diphtheria in a patient. Bacterioscopy of a throat swab detected rod-shaped bacteria with volutin granules. What etiotropic drug would be the drug of… KROK 1 2023 – Question 27
  20. A 10-year-old child underwent a Mantoux test (with tuberculin). After 48 hours, a papule up to 8 mm in diameter appeared at the site of tuberculin injection. What type… KROK 1 2023 – Question 35
  21. During a regular examination, blood was taken from a vein of a pregnant woman for the Wasserman reaction. The reaction was positive. The patient and her husband deny… KROK 1 2023 – Question 52
  22. A 43-year-old man was hospitalized with complaints of fever with chills, loss of appetite, malaise, diarrhea, and diffuse abdominal pain, observed for the last week… KROK 1 2023 – Question 82
  23. Examination detects lymphopenia in a patient, who has been taking glucocorticoids for a long time. How can the functional state of the patient’s immune system be… KROK 1 2023 – Question 103
  24. Laboratory findings of a patient diagnosed with jaundice are as follows: HBsAg-, HBeAg-, anti-HBsAg+, anti-HBsM-, HCAg+. What disease can be characterized by such… KROK 1 2023 – Question 112
  25. A certain infectious agent can damage mucosa, cause inflammation of internal organs, sepsis, provoke formation of blue-green pus, and is quite resistant to most… KROK 1 2023 – Question 113
  26. A patient was hospitalized with the provisional diagnosis of typhoid fever. The disease onset was three days ago. The temperature is 39°C. What method of laboratory… KROK 1 2023 – Question 116
  27. After eating canned mushrooms, a person developed signs of bulbar paralysis: ptosis, diplopia, aphonia, difficulty swallowing. Provisionally, this person was diagnosed… KROK 1 2023 – Question 123
  28. The mother complains that her 7-month-old child has recurrent bacterial infections, such as conjunctivitis, otitis, sinopulmonary infections, diarrhea, and skin… KROK 1 2023 – Question 148
  29. A man had a case of epidemic typhus 5 years ago. After an acute respiratory viral disease, against the background of weakened immune system, he developed signs of… KROK 1 2021 – Question 33
  30. A 1.5-year-old boy, who previously received no regular immunization, was in contact with a measles patient. For urgent specific prevention, the child was administered… KROK 1 2021 – Question 48
  31. Examination of a patient, who for a long time was taking glucocorticoids, detected lymphopenia. How can the functional state of the patient’s immune system be… KROK 1 2021 – Question 62
  32. A 17-year-old girl is undergoing an examination. She has signs of pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy of the neck, and fever and was provisionally diagnosed with infectious… KROK 1 2021 – Question 63
  33. A patient with clinical signs of a primary immunodeficiency has functionally disturbed mechanism of antigen-presentation to the immunocompetent cells. What cells are… KROK 1 2021 – Question 76
  34. A 14-year-old boy was diagnosed with Hutchinson’s triad: barrel-shaped teeth, parenchymatous keratitis, and deafness. These signs are characteristic of: KROK 1 2021 – Question 79
  35. Bacteriology testing is one of the methods for laboratory diagnostics of diphtheria. To grow the colonies of C. diphtheriae, it is necessary to know the proper… KROK 1 2021 – Question 89
  36. During an outbreak of a hospital-acquired infection, pure cultures of S. aureus were obtained upon inoculation from the nasopharynxes of medical personnel and wound… KROK 1 2021 – Question 97
  37. A measles outbreak has occurred in a maternity clinic. What class of maternal antibodies can provide a newborn with immunity to measles virus? KROK 1 2021 – Question 100
  38. Feces of a child with an acute intestinal infection were inoculated onto Endo medium, which resulted in the growth of numerous raspberry-red colonies with a metallic… KROK 1 2021 – Question 105
  39. The ophthalmologist noticed a purulent discharge from the conjunctiva of a newborn. Microscopy of the smear obtained from the conjunctiva found there a large number of… KROK 1 2021 – Question 108
  40. A child has been diagnosed with agammaglobulinemia. This genetic disease disrupts the antibody synthesis, leading to: KROK 1 2021 – Question 123
  41. Significant radiation exposure leads to changes in the body resistance, suppression of phagocytosis, reduction of nonspecific humoral defense factors, and decreased… KROK 1 2021 – Question 127
  42. The cell surface of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria can be covered in villi and cilia. What function do these structures have? KROK 1 2021 – Question 129
  43. A medical student was hospitalized into the infectious diseases unit on the 2nd day after the disease onset. The patient is suspected to have infectious mononucleosis… KROK 1 2021 – Question 141
  44. In order to speed up healing of a wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug that is a thermostable protein occurring in tears, saliva, mother’s milk as well… KROK 1 2008 – Question 16
  45. Bacterioscopic examination of a smear from the pharynx of a diphtheria suspect revealed bacilli with volutine granules. What etiotropic drug should be chosen in this… KROK 1 2008 – Question 28
  46. Examination of a patient with pustular skin lesions allowed to isolate a causative agent that forms in the blood agar roundish yellow middle-sized colonies surrounded… KROK 1 2008 – Question 33
  47. Microscopic examination of a Gram-stained scrape from patient’s tongue revealed oval, round, elongated chains of dark-violet gemmating cells. What disease can be caused… KROK 1 2008 – Question 35
  48. Blood of a patient with presumable sepsis was inoculated into sugar broth. There appeared bottom sediment. Repeated inoculation into blood agar caused growth of small… KROK 1 2008 – Question 37
  49. The territory of an old burial ground for animal refuse that hasn’t been used for over 50 years is meant for house building. But soil investigation showed the presence… KROK 1 2008 – Question 40
  50. Microscopy of stained (Ziehl-Neelsen staining) smears taken from the sputum of a patient with chronic pulmonary disease revealed red bacilli. What property of… KROK 1 2008 – Question 42

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