KROK (Medicine) questions: Histology, Cytology, and Embryology — page 3

171 questions in Histology, Cytology, and Embryology. Open a question to see the answer options and a hint.

101. During the first year of life an infant presents with disturbed process of breast milk curdling. What cells of the proper gastric glands are functionally disturbed? KROK 1 2018 – Question 17
102. X-ray examination of a 57-year-old man indicates local areas of hard bone tissue resorption in some of the patient’s bones. These changes can be associated with… KROK 1 2018 – Question 29
103. Histological specimen shows organ parenchyma to consist of lymphoid tissue that forms lymph nodules; the nodules are located diffusely and have a central artery. What… KROK 1 2018 – Question 54
104. A microslide of the lung tissue sample taken from a patient with pneumonia shows damage to the cells that carry out respiratory function. What cells of the alveolar… KROK 1 2018 – Question 69
105. An electron micrograph of a nephron segment shows cuboidal cells with ciliated lining on their apical surfaces; their basal surfaces have basal striation with… KROK 1 2018 – Question 71
106. A specimen of a 10-day-old human embryo shows two interconnected sacs (amniotic and yolk sacs). Name the structure located in the place where these two sacs connect: KROK 1 2018 – Question 96
107. A microslide of the skin sample taken from the finger of a child shows that epidermis is insufficiently developed. What germ layer was damaged in the process of embryo… KROK 1 2018 – Question 105
108. A hospital has received a 24-year-old man, who had received a penetrating wound to the eye, which has caused the vitreous body to run out. As the result of this… KROK 1 2018 – Question 149
109. An electron micrograph shows a small vessel with endothelial layer but without basement membrane and pericytes; anchoring fibrils are present. Name this vessel: KROK 1 2018 – Question 155
110. Ionizing radiation or vitamin E deficiency affect the cell by increasing lysosome membrane permeability. What are the possible consequences of this pathology? KROK 1 2018 – Question 162
111. Parenchyma of an organ is composed of pseudounipolar neurons localized under the capsule of connective tissue. Central place belongs to nerve fibers. Name this organ: KROK 1 2018 – Question 169
112. Long-term taking of medicines can affect cells of the liver. Particularly, it can cause marked hypertrophy of agranular endoplasmic reticulum due to the following… KROK 1 2019 – Question 20
113. Examination of a surgically excised adrenal gland shows large cells that can be impregnated with a potassium dichromate solution. What hormone is being synthesized by… KROK 1 2019 – Question 25
114. A histological specimen demonstrates a vessel with the wall that consists of endothelium, basement membrane, and loose connective tissue. This vessel belongs to the… KROK 1 2019 – Question 27
115. Some diseases of large intestine lead to the changes in the quantitative ratio between mucosal epithelial cells. What cell types are normally predominant in the cryptal… KROK 1 2019 – Question 41
116. Histone protein synthesis is artificially blocked in a cell. What cell structure will be damaged as a result? KROK 1 2019 – Question 71
117. A histological specimen shows significant amount of mucous connective tissue (Wharton’s jelly), vessels, as well as remnants of yolk sac stalk and allantois. Name this… KROK 1 2019 – Question 97
118. Parenchyma of an organ is composed of pseudounipolar neurons localized under the capsule of connective tissue. Central place belongs to nerve fibers. Name this organ: KROK 1 2019 – Question 115
119. After delivery of a child by pregnant woman, the midwife notices a defect in external genitalia of a newborn. The woman only had one prenatal ultrasound that reported a… KROK 1 2019 – Question 159
120. A 14-year old girl presents to the emergency department for evaluation of an “infected leg.” She states there is no history of trauma but mentions she had a history of… KROK 1 2019 – Question 163
121. A 24-year-old man undergoes surgery and during the operation, an organ is excised and sent for histological evaluation. A light microscopic examination reveals the… KROK 1 2019 – Question 168
122. A team of medical students is performing research on phases of cell cycle. During one of the mitotic phases the cell is nearly done dividing, the chromosomes decondense… KROK 1 2019 – Question 175
123. An unidentified surgical specimen is received for histopathologic analysis. A portion of the specimen is cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Under the… KROK 1 2019 – Question 177
124. Proliferation of the connective tissue in the hepatic parenchyma (fibrosis) caused by chronic diseases is often associated with disturbed blood circulation in the… KROK 1 2020 – Question 25
125. For diagnostic purposes a parenchyma sample of the patient’s blood-forming organ was obtained. The sample contained megakaryocytes. What organ is it? KROK 1 2020 – Question 30
126. Histological specimen shows parenchyma of an organ that consists of lymphoid tissue that forms lymph nodules; the nodules are located diffusely and have a central… KROK 1 2020 – Question 59
127. A histological specimen demonstrates a vessel with the wall that consists of endothelium, basement membrane, and loose connective tissue. What type of vessel is it? KROK 1 2020 – Question 104
128. One of the cell organelles is the place, where protein molecules are being built and packaged with carbohydrates and fats, before they are transported from the cell via… KROK 1 2020 – Question 125
129. An electronic microphotograph shows a fragment of the renal corpuscle. In the photograph there is a large epithelial cell with numerous appendages. The appendages are… KROK 1 2020 – Question 135
130. During gastrulation, three germ layers are being formed (ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm). Later they develop into tissues and organs. Ectoderm, in particular… KROK 1 2020 – Question 137
131. An electronic microphotograph shows a fragment of the proper gastric gland. In the photograph there is a large irregular rounded cell with numerous intracellular… KROK 1 2020 – Question 149
132. A patient had her tooth extracted in a dental clinic. Stratified squamous epithelium regenerated two weeks later. What organelles took part in the restoration of the… KROK 1 2023 – Question 12
133. The study of a blood smear obtained from a patient with an inflammatory process detects a large number of round cells with a segmented nucleus (three or more segments)… KROK 1 2023 – Question 22
134. A patient has been diagnosed with chronic gastritis. Intragastric pH-metry detects decreased acidity of the gastric juice. What cells have a reduced function in this… KROK 1 2023 – Question 55
135. In a scientific experiment, a structure in one of the cell components has been destroyed, impairing the cell’s ability to divide. What structure has been destroyed? KROK 1 2023 – Question 91
136. Alveoli of the lungs have special cells, through which gas exchange occurs. These cells are a part of the blood-air barrier. Name these cells. KROK 1 2023 – Question 132
137. A 32-year-old woman was diagnosed with myocarditis. ECG detects a disturbance of the cardiac rhythm (a non-sinus rhythm). What cardiomyocytes are dysfunctional in this… KROK 1 2023 – Question 138
138. A 55-year-old patient is being monitored by an endocrinologist for disturbed endocrine function of the pancreas, which manifests as a decrease in glucagon levels in the… KROK 1 2023 – Question 141
139. Vitamin A deficiency causes impaired twilight vision. What cells have this receptor function? KROK 1 2023 – Question 143
140. A man with acute rhinitis has dry and hyperemic nasal mucosa. What cells of superficial mucosal epithelium normally provide its moisturizing? KROK 1 2021 – Question 7
141. A patient complains of acute increase in diuresis (up to 5–7 liters of urine per 24 hours). Examination revealed decreased secretion of vasopressin in this patient… KROK 1 2021 – Question 17
142. During analysis a medical laboratory scientist has additionally noted that the blood sample was obtained from a woman. What blood corpuscles have the structural… KROK 1 2021 – Question 29
143. Histone protein synthesis is artificially blocked in a cell. What cell structure will be damaged as a result? KROK 1 2021 – Question 32
144. Microslide of an animal retina shows numerous phagosomes in the cells of its outer pigment layer. What function of pigment cells is the most evident in this case? KROK 1 2021 – Question 70
145. Mitochondrial destruction is observed in some hereditary diseases (for example, Kearns-Sayre syndrome). What processes can be disturbed, as a result, in the cell? KROK 1 2021 – Question 90
146. A man has undergone corneal transplantation. What characteristics of corneal structure allow hoping for its retention rather than rejection? KROK 1 2021 – Question 122
147. Labelled amino acids alanine and tryptophane were injected to a mouse in order to study localization of protein synthesis in its cells. The labelled amino acids will be… KROK 1 2008 – Question 13
148. Examination of an ovary specimen stained by hematoxylin-eosine revealed a follicle in which follicular epithelium consisted of 1-2 layers of cubic cells. There was also… KROK 1 2008 – Question 50
149. In course of an experiment a big number of stem cells of red bone marrow was in some way destructed. Regeneration of which cell populations in the loose connective… KROK 1 2008 – Question 58
150. Golgi complex exports substances from a cell due to the fusion of the membrane saccule with the cell membrane. The saccule contents flows out. What process is it? KROK 1 2008 – Question 105

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