KROK 1 2017 – Question 19 · KROK (Medicine) · Pathophysiology
A 63-year-old man suffers from esophageal carcinoma, presents with metastases into the mediastinal lymph nodes and cancerous cachexia. What pathogenetic stage of neoplastic process is observed in the patient?
- A. Promotion
- B. Transformation
- C. Initiation
- D. Progression
- E. -
Hint
Order the stages of carcinogenesis from the first genetic hit onward and decide which stage is marked by invasion, metastasis and systemic effects.
The answer, the explanation and a note on every option are available once you log in. The account is free: topic tests, a mock exam, mistake review and statistics.
More questions on Pathophysiology
- A 30-year-old man complains of suffocation, heaviness in the chest on the right, general weakness. Body temperature is 38,9°C. Objectively the right…
- During removal of the hyperplastic thyroid gland of a 47-year-old woman, the parathyroid gland was damaged. One month after the surgery the patient…
- On examination the patient presents with hirsutism, moon-shaped face, stretch marks on the abdomen. BP is 190/100 mm Hg, blood glucose is 17,6…
- After pancreatic surgery the patient developed hemorrhagic syndrome with disturbed 3rd stage of blood clotting. What will be the most likely…
- A woman, who has been suffering from marked hypertension for 15 years, has lately developed dyspnea, palpitations, slightly decreased systolic…
- To lose some weight a woman has been limiting the amount of products in her diet. 3 months later she developed edemas and her diuresis increased…