Question 54 (part 2) · LEK · Characteristics of scientific studies
Studies on the role of vitamin D in the development of depression have shown that there is no relationship between these two variables. Previous cross-sectional studies showed that vitamin D deficiency was associated with depression when both of these phenomena were studied simultaneously. Which of Hill's criteria for causation were verified in subsequent prospective studies?
- A. reversibility.
- B. time dependence.
- C. biological credibility.
- D. analogy.
- E. dose-response relationship.
Hint
Cross-sectional studies cannot show which came first; consider what prospective follow-up adds.
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