Question 465 · LEK · Bladder cancer
In a female patient with massive gross haematuria, recurrent episodes of acute kidney injury and stage 3 bladder cancer diagnosed first time, the gold standard for treatment is:
- A. brachytherapy.
- B. transurethral resection of the bladder tumour.
- C. chemotherapy and tumour electroresection.
- D. conservative cystectomy - sparring the reproductive organs.
- E. radical cystectomy.
Hint
Stage 3 means the tumour has invaded beyond the bladder muscle; consider the definitive standard treatment for muscle-invasive disease.
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