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Question 22 · LEK · Environmental epidemiology

A biomarker of exposure used in environmental epidemiology to assess the effect of environmental exposure on the examined health outcome is defined as:

  1. A. marker of individual susceptibility to the exposure to a harmful environmental factor.
  2. B. marker of early (subclinical) health effects of the exposure to a harmful environmental factor.
  3. C. marker of the exposure to a harmful environmental factor obtained using dosimetry techniques that measure the individual exposure.
  4. D. marker of the exposure to a harmful environmental factor calculated as the average concentration of the xenobiotic provided by analyses of various environmental media in the microenvironment of the exposed individual.
  5. E. marker of the exposure to a harmful environmental factor provided by the direct measurement of the concentration of a xenobiotic or its metabolite in a biological material obtained from the individual who is exposed to the factor in question.
Hint

A biomarker is by definition measured in the body of the exposed person, not in the environment around them.

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