Question 9 (part 2) · LDEK · Cardiac emergencies

Vascular causes of syncope include:

1) vasovagal syncope.
2) hypovolemia.
3) glossopharyngeal neuralgia.
4) situational syncope, e.g. during coughing.
5) carotid sinus hypersensitivity.
The correct answer is:
  1. A. 1,2,3.
  2. B. 2,3,4.
  3. C. 3,4,5.
  4. D. 1,4,5.
  5. E. all of the above.
Hint

Group syncope by mechanism: reflex and orthostatic forms are vascular, while arrhythmias and structural heart disease are cardiac.

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